Physical ownership: Investors can directly purchase physical commodities like gold, silver, or agricultural products. However, this method requires arrangements for storage and may incur additional costs associated with safekeeping and maintenance.

 

Futures contracts: Through futures contracts, investors can speculate on the future price of a commodity without owning the physical asset. This involves entering into an agreement to buy or sell a commodity at a predetermined price and date in the future.

 

Commodity stocks: Investing in stocks of companies involved in commodity production or distribution offers exposure to commodity prices. By investing in such stocks, investors can potentially benefit from the performance of commodity-related companies.

 

Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) and Exchange-Traded Notes (ETNs): ETFs and ETNs are investment vehicles that track the performance of commodity indexes or specific commodities. They provide a convenient way for investors to gain exposure to commodities without directly owning the physical assets.

 

Mutual funds: Certain mutual funds specialize in investing in commodities or commodity-related companies. These funds pool investors' money to create a diversified portfolio of commodities or related assets.

 

Alternative investments: There are alternative investment vehicles available, such as commodity-focused hedge funds or managed futures funds, which provide exposure to commodities through specialized strategies tailored to the commodity market.