What types of bonds are there?

In Australia, there are two types of bonds:

Corporate bonds: These are bonds issued by companies. They tend to offer higher interest rates, but there is more default risk with small, growing companies than with large, blue-chip companies and government entities

Australian Government bonds: These are bonds issued by the federal government. Due to the lack of default risk, they are considered safer investments than corporate bonds and offer lower interest rates.

How is the price of an IPO decided?

An IPO listing price is decided mainly by the demand and supply dynamics. When the demand for shares exceeds their supply, then listing price could be higher than offer price, which is decided by the investment bank.